Gum disease (also known as periodontal disease) is very prominent today and should be addressed as soon as possible to avoid extensive and complicated treatment.
What causes gum disease?
Your mouth constantly produces a clear, sticky substance called plaque that contains bacteria. The bacteria in plaque make poisons, or toxins, that irritate the gums and cause the tissues to break down. If you don't do a good job of removing plaque from your teeth, it can spread below the gum line and damage the bone that supports the teeth. With time, plaque hardens into a substance called tartar that has to be removed by a dentist or dental hygienist.
You are more likely to get gum disease if you:
- Do not clean your teeth well.
- Smoke or use spit tobacco.
- Have gum disease in your family.
- Have a condition that makes it harder for your body to fight infection, such as:
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- Uncontrolled diabetes, AIDS, or leukemia.
- A high level of stress.
- A diet low in nutrients.
What are the symptoms?
Healthy gums are pink and firm, fit snugly around the teeth, and do not bleed easily. Early-stage gum disease (gingivitis) causes:
- Gums that are red, swollen, and tender.
- Gums that bleed easily during brushing or flossing.
As gum disease advances, it causes more noticeable symptoms, such as:
- Gums that pull away or recede from the teeth.
- Persistent bad breath.
- Pus coming from the gums.
- A change in how your teeth fit together when you bite.
- Loose teeth.
